What is leprosy?
Leprosy is a medical condition, also known as Hansen’s disease, after Armour Hansen, a Norwegian doctor who was the first to view the leprosy microbe under a microscope in 1873. It is neither hereditary nor flesh eating.
Leprosy is still highly prevalent affecting hundreds of thousands of people around the world, mainly in Asia, South America and Africa. Last year over 296,000 new cases were detected – that’s over 800 people every day…
What causes leprosy?
Leprosy is caused by Mycobacterium leprae (related to the TB mycobacterium). It is probably spread by airborne infection – coughing and sneezing. The first outward sign of leprosy is a patch on the skin, usually associated with loss of feeling.
Leprosy and the consequences
Leprosy is still surrounded by myths, stigma and fear. It was thought that leprosy caused fingers and toes to drop off – it doesn’t! However, because leprosy attacks surface nerves in cool spots of the body, your fingers and toes can become anaesthetized – they stop feeling pain. They can then easily become injured through stiffness, cuts, burns and bruises and you wouldn’t feel a thing. Infection sets in which results in tissue loss, fingers and toes shorten as cartilage is absorbed by the body and bones become irreparably damaged. Therefore while leprosy doesn’t cause fingers or toes to drop off, it is capable of causing disability and even blindness if left untreated.
Is leprosy infectious?
Yes, but it is very difficult to catch and cannot be caught by a handshake. Over 95% of people are immune and after only a couple of days on treatment, sufferers are no longer infectious.
Is leprosy curable?
Yes! Leprosy is curable with Multi Drug Therapy (MDT), a powerful combination of two to three drugs: Clofazimine, Rifampicin and Dapsone. Mild, non-infectious cases of leprosy need treatment with two drugs for 6 months. More severe infectious cases need all three drugs for up to a 24 month period. There is however no effective preventative vaccine – which is why early detection and treatment with MDT are so vital.
The Adverse effects of Leprosy
If the patient is not treated for this condition, it can cause severe nerve damage that can further lead to complications like:
- Loss of feeling in the arms and legs. They cannot even feel the pain if they are hurt, burnt, or even cut.
- Muscle weakness that leads to claw-like hands.
- If it permanently damages the tissue lining of the nose, it can lead to nosebleeds and a chronic, stuffy nose.
- Blindness or glaucoma
- Permanent swelling bumps and lumps on the face that cause disfiguration.
- Erectile dysfunction and infertility in men
- Kidney failure
